What is the method called to assess lymph node involvement in breast cancer?

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is the primary method used to assess lymph node involvement in breast cancer. This technique specifically identifies the first lymph node (the sentinel node) that drains lymphatic fluid from the tumor area. By examining this node, healthcare providers can determine if cancer cells have spread to the lymphatic system.

The sentinel lymph node biopsy minimizes the need for more invasive procedures and helps to accurately stage the cancer while preserving healthy tissue and reducing potential complications associated with surgery. If the sentinel node is found to contain cancer cells, additional lymph nodes may be evaluated, but if it is clear, there may be no need for further node dissection.

Other methods like fine needle aspiration and core needle biopsy are used for obtaining tissue samples and diagnosing the presence of cancer within the tumor itself, rather than specifically addressing lymph node involvement. Excisional biopsy, while useful in removing larger tissue areas for evaluation, does not selectively assess lymph node spread. This distinction highlights the sentinel lymph node biopsy as a targeted and efficient approach to staging breast cancer and understanding its potential spread through the lymphatic system.